By:
• Teng Yalirozy

• November 5, 2024 , 3:15 PM

SIEM REAP – As the world evolves, so, too, do our living spaces. While modern concrete structures have become increasingly popular in Cambodia, a different vision of home persists. Traditional architect Hok Sokol champions the enduring beauty and cultural significance of Khmer wooden houses.

Sokol believes these structures, built with meticulous care and imbued with a rich history, hold a unique soul that connects the Cambodian people. As the nation embraces towering skyscrapers, he reminds us of the timeless attraction of these wooden dwellings, each one a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of generations past.

To achieve a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity, both must be celebrated, he elaborates.

While some Cambodians may view traditional wooden houses as impractical for modern living, Sokol – also a renowned historian – advocates for their preservation. He said some local people prefer not to have wooden houses, believing that these houses are not functional for living anymore. 

“They, however, preserve this heritage for display in their gardens or property.  Intricate wooden houses are built for restaurants, cafes, showrooms, and wealthy individuals as relaxing places,” he added.

“They want something new, and they used to live in their parents' house,” said Sokol. “If they have a chance, they may think about something modern. They want something different.”

But Sokol pointed out that this trend is quite a concern. He reasoned that young Cambodian architects and builders are trained to blend traditional and modern materials, but some may copy designs from magazines or European developments, which is not a good sign for the future of traditional architecture in the country.

While some Cambodians may view traditional wooden houses as impractical for modern living, Sokol – also a renowned historian – advocates for their preservation

Traditional Khmer wooden houses, a significant part of Cambodia's cultural heritage, are at risk of decline due to civil unrest and societal shifts, requiring urgent preservation efforts.

Houses, once symbols of social distinction, are deteriorating rapidly, especially in rural areas, nearing disappearance in contrast to the early 20th century, according to Sokol’s research.

Sokol highlighted the growing popularity of 'borey' communities, which offer diverse housing options. While many people are drawn to these modern developments, traditional building methods continue to hold strong.

He emphasized the importance of striking a balance between progress and heritage, stating, "As people's tastes evolve, it's essential to preserve the positive aspects of tradition while embracing the benefits of innovation."

Stone's Rise but Wood's Enduring Charm

Sokol observed that most tourists are drawn to stone temples and religious sites, often due to extensive promotion in Siem Reap. He proposed a shift in focus, highlighting the value of wooden houses to showcase local lifestyle and culture.

"Hosting events like gala dinners and gatherings in wooden houses could be a powerful way to highlight the rich history and culture of the area," he suggested.

Sokol stressed the importance of promoting cultural tourism, not just traditional activities, but rather the authentic experiences of these activities in their natural setting.

"In the past, people conducted their daily lives beneath their homes, a practice we refer to as 'alive activities,'" he explained. "Preah Dak Village is a prime example, offering visitors a glimpse into the everyday life of local people."

While wooden houses come with varying levels of maintenance, they all need consistent care to last. Even though it can be a lot of work, preserving these traditional homes is crucial

With over two decades of research, Sokol revealed that wooden houses hold a special place in the hearts of the older generation. He further explained that Khmer wooden houses have souls and spirits, with each building having a spirit guide. These structures, imbued with a sense of soul and spirit, often pass from one family to the next. In the past, building a wooden house was a communal effort, fostering a strong sense of community among villagers.

“Traditional wooden houses are more than just dwellings; they represent a collective endeavor,” Sokol explained. “These structures maintain a deep connection to the village, honoring traditions and practices.”

However, these houses also reflect societal hierarchies. Wealthy families often commissioned grand, ornate wooden structures, while the size, quality, and complexity of a house were influenced by factors like social status. The classification of houses, such as medium, high, or touch roof, further highlighted these distinctions.

These days, wealthy families are keeping pieces of the past alive in their gardens, using traditional elements to create beautiful and nostalgic spaces.

The amount of care a wooden house needs depends on the type of wood. Some woods are easy to maintain, just a quick clean and mop will do. Others are more demanding, requiring regular cleaning, protection from cracking, and color preservation.

While wooden houses come with varying levels of maintenance, they all need consistent care to last. Even though it can be a lot of work, preserving these traditional homes is crucial to balance the rise of modern designs.

"To create a balanced world, we need to blend the best and worst parts of life," Sokol explained, "like mixing traditional landscapes with modern architecture."