By:
• Heang Ratha

• November 4, 2024 , 7:20 PM

Cambodia has advanced its digital technology development by implementing numerous policies aligned with the digital and industrial revolution. For instance, the Digital Government Policy 2022-2035 primarily aims to foster digital inclusion. This policy emphasizes not only digital technology but also the development of a 5G network.

Potential partners interested in collaborating with Cambodia on 5G development include Japan, which has expressed interest in expanding the network in partnership with Cambodia.

On July 6, Kamikawa Yoko, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, met with Sok Chenda Sophea, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia, to sign the memorandum of understanding (MoU) to promote bilateral relations between the two countries. Minister Kamikawa also stated that the two countries would cooperate in digital technology to develop core communications infrastructure, such as 5G. She expressed her intention to continue strengthening cooperation in the cybersecurity sector with Cambodia.

Before this, there was a meeting between former Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio, who held a Summit Meeting with his Cambodian counterpart, Hun Sen, on November 12, 2022, during his Cambodian visit. During this meeting, cooperation on constructing a 5G network was also discussed.

What does Japan gain from this 5G geopolitics plan? 

Japan has supported various sectors in Cambodia and is eager to help the country implement the 5G network alongside Huawei. This collaboration could enhance diplomatic and economic relations between the two nations, fostering regional peace and stability. Furthermore, it would assist Cambodia in closing the digital and technological divide with neighboring countries. 

In addition, this collaboration aligns with Japan’s broader vision for an open and accessible Indo-Pacific ambition, in which Japan aims to support Southeast Asian countries with infrastructure development, economic growth, and enhanced digital connectivity. Partnering with Japan to roll out the 5G network for Cambodia can advance digital technology and expertise and enhance international partnerships. This aligns with Japan's technological and strategic interests and supports Cambodia's long-term digital development goals.

On October 26 Nikkei Asia highlighted that a joint venture formed by Japan’s Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) Docomo and Nippon Electric Company (NEC) will commence testing on Cambodia’s wireless networks. This deployment will move to 5G service in Southeast Asia. The joint venture, Orex Sai, which utilizes software created by NTT Cooperation to simplify the design, configuration, and monitoring of wireless access networks, will establish a 4G network at a major commercial complex in Cambodia within the current fiscal year, ending on March 31. The network will function as an interface for the future transition to 5G technology.

Moreover, Nikkei Asia further reported that NTT Docomo and NEC aim to offer a competitive alternative to Huawei Technologies, the leading network equipment provider in developing regions. Notably, Cambodia's telecommunications infrastructure depends on Huawei’s equipment. As part of the initial initiative, the Japanese government will provide “offer-type” developmental assistance and conduct a telecommunications field test in Cambodia. 

The Japanese government is supporting a project in Cambodia that will implement Open RAN (radio access network) technology, a cost-effective solution incorporating equipment from various manufacturers. Japan's goal is to promote the advancement of 5G technology in Cambodia and other ASEAN countries.

By fostering digital technology development and enhancing regional connectivity, Japan aims to leverage its influence as a key player in Southeast Asia while developing a 5G strategy for Cambodia. Furthermore, Japan intends to extend its influence throughout Asia to create a balance of power and counterbalance China's impact. 

Cambodia and Japan share a long-standing bilateral relationship. Notably, Cambodia acknowledges Japan's pivotal role in ending the Cambodian civil war through its first successful peacekeeping mission. Recently, the two countries elevated their bilateral relationship to a "comprehensive strategic partnership," aiming to mutually benefit each other and contribute to regional peace and stability. By collaborating with Cambodia and assisting in its digital infrastructure development, Japan can strengthen bilateral ties and solidify its position as a key partner and reliable ally in the region.

Nonetheless, as a technology leader China has a significant presence and is a prominent player in Cambodia, mainly through companies like Huawei, which plays a vital role in 5G development across Asia. At the same time, Japan, too, aims to be a leader in 5G technology and digital inclusion. It can empower its giant tech company by deploying a 5G network in Cambodia or other ASEAN member states. 

The development of 5G in Cambodia will facilitate greater economic cooperation and trade development. Japan’s 5G technology can enhance the trading system and e-commerce within the Asian region. Therefore, it will create more opportunities for tech companies to expand their market share and boost sales through 5G equipment, software, and services, benefiting Japan’s economy.

Heang Ratha is a government official in the International Cooperation Department. She is currently pursuing a Master’s Degree in International Relations in Japan.