KAMPONG THOM— Sambor Prei Kuk was once Ishanapura, the capital of the Kingdom of Chenla, the Khmer empire that flourished in the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, the site consists of more than 100 temples, statues, and art features amidst the forested area. 

Ten of the temples are octagonal, which is unique in Southeast Asia. Decorated sandstone elements at the site are characteristic to this pre-Angkorian era and known today as the Sambor Prei Kuk Style. The art and architecture style developed at Sambor Prei Kuk became models for other parts of the region and would eventually lead to the styles of the Angkorian era.

The site of Sambor Prei Kuk is situated about 30 kilometers northeast of Stung Sen city, the capital of Kampong Thom province, and 200 kilometers northeast of Phnom Penh. 

According to the information provided by the Sambor Prei Kuk National Authority, Sambor Prei Kuk was built during the reign of King Ishanavarman I. However, some temples that became part of the capital city were built before his reign, during the rule of earlier kings including Bhavavarman I, Mahendravarman, and Bhavavarman II who were members of the royal family.

The water control structures further demonstrate the capital's importance and the technical expertise of the period's architects and engineers.

Despite the relocation of the capital to the region of Angkor—modern-day Siem Reap province—in the late 8th and early 9th century, Sambor Prei Kuk remained a significant religious center, with new structures built and older ones restored during the Angkorian period.

Inscriptions dating from the reign of King Rajendravarman II in the 10th century and inscriptions at the Robang Romeas temples dating from the reign of King Suryavarman I in the 11th century can also be found at Sambor Prei Kuk. Moreover, archeological research has led to the discovery of many post-Angkorian artifacts at the site.

Numerous elements of the ancient capital including brick temples, shrines, water control structures as well as the city walls at Sambor Prei Kuk reflect the importance of the Khmer civilization at the time. 

The architecture and art styles also reveal the influence of Indian culture while Khmer styles and culture remained present.

The architecture and sculpture designs of the octagonal temple, along with the intricate lintel featuring the image of the Makara—a mythical creature symbolizing guardianship—are unique elements of Khmer art.

The site features three main temple complexes comprising 125 individual temples, along with 46 other temples and structures spread throughout the surrounding area.

Sambor Prei Kuk was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 8, 2017. Its architectural layout and noticeable Indian cultural influences were key factors in securing its inclusion on the list.

Originally written in Khmer for ThmeyThmey, this story was translated by Rin Ousa for Cambodianess.